There are many billions of people in the world. There are tens, if not hundreds, of business firms. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of government and quasi government agencies. And there are a multitude of other organizations scattered about the global economy. All these are actors on the economic stage. They generate an incalculable number of relationships built around their multiplicity of desires, needs, and resource endowments. They barter. They exchange. They self-employ. They employ others. They sell. They buy. They consume. Some produce for their own consumption. Some produce for others. Some make their income as rentiers. Others work. They all change through time as they adapt to and interact with each other. They all learn.
Each potential way of arranging this massively large network of relationships is a state of the economy. It is a single outcome of one arrangement. There are a near infinite set of such potential outcomes. The vast majority of these states of the economy are unstable: they do not contain an arrangement of economic affairs that satisfies everyone within the network. This instability impels change and a move towards a new state. Given the intractability of the calculation involved it is near certain that this new state will be unstable also. And so the economy evolves. Never arriving at a satisfactory state.
It is this narrative that places the system of economic understanding we know as neoclassical economics within an extremely small locus within the entire state pace of states of the economy. The conditions that the system requires enable it to apply to such a small set of states of the economy that it has negligible explanatory power other than to allow us to compile a list of exceptions to it....Neoclassical based economics as a very special case in a complex dynamic system rather than a general theory.
The Radford Free Press
Unification
Peter Radford
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