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Is trade a promoter of peace? Adam Smith, one of the earliest defenders of trade, worries that commerce may instigate some perverse incentives, encouraging wars. The wealth that commerce generates decreases the relative cost of wars, increases the ability to finance wars through debts, which decreases their perceived cost, and increases the willingness of commercial interests to use wars to extend their markets, increasing the number and prolonging the length of wars. Smith, therefore, cannot assume that trade would yield a peaceful world. While defending and promoting trade, Smith warns us not to take peace for granted. We unpack Smith’s ideas and their relevance for contemporary times in our recent article in the Cambridge Journal of Economics.Imperial wars are about who controls commerce and resources.
Developing Economics
Do not take peace for granted: Adam Smith’s warning on the relation between commerce and war
Maria Pia Paganelli and Reinhard Schumacher
See also
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Book IV, On Systems of Political Economy
See also
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Book IV, On Systems of Political Economy
Chapter III (part II):
On the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all kinds from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous
On the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all kinds from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous
By such maxims as these, however, nations have been taught that their interest consisted in beggaring all their neighbours. Each nation has been made to look with an invidious eye upon the prosperity of all the nations with which it trades, and to consider their gain as its own loss. Commerce, which ought naturally to be, among nations, as among individuals, a bond of union and friendship, has become the most fertile source of discord and animosity. The capricious ambition of kings and ministers has not, during the present and the preceding century, been more fatal to the repose of Europe than the impertinent jealousy of merchants and manufacturers. The violence and injustice of the rulers of mankind is an ancient evil, for which, I am afraid, the nature of human affairs can scarce admit of a remedy. But the mean rapacity, the monopolizing spirit of merchants and manufacturers, who neither are, nor ought to be, the rulers of mankind, though it cannot perhaps be corrected may very easily be prevented from disturbing the tranquillity of anybody but themselves....
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Workers are not taking it lying down. Paris under siege.
Fort Russ News
VIDEO: MAYHEM IN PARIS, FRENCH POLICE USE TEAR-GAS AND WATER-CANNONS ON YELLOW VEST PROTESTERS
Joaquin Flores
2 comments:
VIDEO: Mayhem in Paris. French police use tear-gas and water-cannons on yellow vest protesters.
“The French authorities have unleashed a water-cannon, and police have fired tear gas canisters on protesters who refused to disperse, as protesters demand a policy changes amidst rising fuel prices.”
The continually rising fuel prices are caused by continually rising fuel taxes that are continually imposed by Macron.
Continually rising fuel prices cause continually rising prices throughout the French economy. For average people the cost of living has become unbearable. The French are now protesting all of Macron’s neoliberal attacks.
In May 2017 they believed the corporate media claims that Marine Le Pen was a “Nazi.” Now they are paying for their stupidity. A five-foot-tall neoliberal (Macron) sits on their backs and thrashes their heads.
Fuel for road vehicles is CHEAPER in France than the UK. The French plebs want cheaper fuel so as to exacerbate global warming, meanwhile in London a week ago, people were blocking bridges over the river Thames in an effort to get government to do something about global warming.
Makes me proud to be British.
Rule Brittania, Brittania waves the rules.
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