Thursday, March 26, 2015

F. William Engdahl — China and Russia Firm Ties With High Speed Rail Link


Deal signed. Eurasian development on.
Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich announced at a Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum on February 27 that agreement has been finalized between the two countries on a proposal made by Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang during his October 2014 visit to Moscow to construct a 7,000 km and $242 billion high-speed rail corridor going from Beijing across Kazakhstan and Russia to Moscow. The project will include a high-speed Moscow to Kazar in Russia’s Autonomous Tatarstan.

First appeared: http://journal-neo.org/2015/03/26/china-and-russia-firm-ties-with-high-speed-rail-link/
New Eastern Outlook
China and Russia Firm Ties With High Speed Rail Link
F. William Engdahl

Ivan Nechepurenko — Wagner Opera Scandal Reflects Deep Divide in Russian Society


Sign of the times  — liberals and conservatives conflict in Russia over tradition and traditional values.

The Moscow Times

Walter Frick — Welfare Makes America More Entrepreneurial

Research shows that when governments provide citizens with economic security, they embolden them to take more risks.
Opposite the popular view on the right that animals only hunt when they are hungry and the hungrier they are he harder they hunt, so starving the poor will motivate them to get off their duffs right quick.

The Atlantic — Business
Welfare Makes America More Entrepreneurial
Walter Frick
ht Mark them at Economist's View

John Helmer — The Yeltsin Tax Returns To Russian Politics – Wage Arrears Rise, Putin Support Declines

According to the Helmer theory of Russian political economy, first propounded in 2002, people who haven’t been paid spend their time blaming the Kremlin for their pain. When arrears rise, the president’s approval rating falls.....
Dances with Bears
John Helmer

Podcast: My interview with Ellen Brown, author of Web of Debt and Public Bank Solution

Ellen Brown, author of Web of Debt and Public Bank Solution.



John Cochrane — A New Structure for U. S. Federal Debt

A New Structure for U. S. Federal Debt
A new paper by that title, here. 
I propose a new structure for U. S. Federal debt. All debt should be perpetual, paying coupons forever with no principal payment. The debt should be composed of the following:  
  • Fixed-value, floating-rate debt: Short-term debt has a fixed value of $1.00, and pays a floating rate. It is electronically transferable, and sold in arbitrary denominations. Such debt looks to an investor like a money-market fund, or reserves at the Fed.
  • Nominal perpetuities: This debt pays a coupon of $1 per bond, forever.
  • Indexed perpetuities: This debt pays a coupon of $1 times the current consumer price index (CPI).
  • Tax free: Debt should be sold in a version that is free of all income, estate, capital gains, and other taxes. Ideally, all debt should be tax free.
  • Variable coupon: Some if not all long-term debt should allow the government to vary the coupon rate without triggering legal default.
  • Swaps: The Treasury should manage the maturity structure of the debt, and the interest rate and inflation exposure of the Federal budget, by transacting in simple swaps among these securities. 
Of these, I think the first is the most important. Think of it as Treasury Electronic Money, or reserves for all. Why?....
Consols.
 
The Grumpy Economist
A New Structure for U. S. Federal Debt
John Cochrane | professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, and an adjunct scholar of the Cato Institute

Coming from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, and an adjunct scholar of the Cato Institute, one would expect a proposal for tax-free rent to subsidize the financially ailing rentiers.

Ilyana Kuziemko et al — What Do Americans Think Should Be Done About Inequality?

A new online survey of some 10,000 Americans’ reaction to growing income inequal- ity offers novel insight into public perceptions of inequality and what—if anything— should be done about it. The survey first presents some respondents with information about the extent of inequality—for example, by displaying how much more income a respondent would earn if increases in economic growth since 1980 had been more evenly distributed—and then assesses their attitudes toward inequality and policies aimed at ameliorating gaps between rich and poor, compared to other respondents who did not see the information. The survey shows that while respondents who view information about inequality are more likely to believe that inequality is a serious problem, they show no more appetite for many government interventions to reduce inequality— with the notable exceptions of increasing the estate tax and the minimum wage....


Importantly, our results also suggest that this aversion to government intervention is due to a deep level of distrust in government. In a sense, respondents who have learned the role of government in creating the current level of inequality seem to be telling us they do not trust that government is also the entity to address the problem.
This last finding is, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of the causal effects of trust in government on redistributive policy preferences. Our findings highlight the potential role of mistrust in government in limiting enthusiasm among the general public to certain kinds of government policy programs—such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Earned Income Tax Credit—designed to help close the wealth and income gap.

Research into the connection between mistrust of government and policy prefer- ences is only just beginning. For instance, economists Paola Sapienza at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management and Luigi Zingales at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business find that Americans support higher auto fuel stan- dards over a carbon tax-3and-rebate program because they do not trust the government to in fact rebate the tax. Given that by most measures, Americans trust in government is at record lows, future work on its consequences would be welcome.... 
WCEG
What Do Americans Think Should Be Done About Inequality?
Ilyana Kuziemko, Michael Norton, Emmanuel Saez, and Stefanie Stantcheva
ht Brad DeLong
Ilyana Kuziemko is an economics professor at Princeton University, Michael Norton is a professor of business administration and marketing at Harvard Business School, Emmanuel Saez is an economics professor at the University of California-Berkeley, and Stefanie Stantcheva is an economist at Harvard University

Canada now imposes cuts in face of 50% off crude oil




Result of management via the NIA framework:  Once (X-M) drops, then they are compelled to reduce G and xfers, so (G-T) remains as low as possible, even though xfers are not in G.  The hit to xfers then results in a drop in C.

Even in what we might term the "social welfare states" like Canada here and those in Europe, that social welfare is still predicated upon high exports that result in NIA numbers that allow for an acceptable (G-T) result.

If the exports go away or are significantly reduced, then we soon see fiscal cuts and resultant social unrest.






Wednesday, March 25, 2015

Jonathan Schlefer — Not even Paul Krugman is a real Keynesian

Wicksell argued that if interest rates rise above some “natural rate,” they weaken investment demand and growth, while if they fall below it, they spur excessive demand and inflation. But markets inherently correct imbalances, restoring optimal equilibrium. 
Keynes disagreed. “The economic system . . . seems capable of remaining in a chronic condition of subnormal activity for a considerable period without any marked tendency either towards recovery or towards complete collapse,” he wrote. “The evidence indicates that full, or even approximately full, employment is of rare and short-lived occurrence.”....
But isn’t Keynes now mainstream? No, say Foley and Taylor. The mainstream still sees economies as inherently moving to an optimal equilibrium, as Wicksell did. It still says demand causes short-run fluctuations, but only supply factors, such as the capital stock and technology, can affect long-run growth. ....
The Boston Globe
Not even Paul Krugman is a real Keynesian
Jonathan Schlefer, researcher at the Harvard Business School
ht Matias Vernengo at Naked Keynesianism

Cameron Murray — Economics: Blah blah blah


Humor.

Fresh Economic Thinking
Economics: Blah blah blah
Cameron Murray

Graham Phillips — Busting Ukraine Fakes (#1) – How Ukraine’s Media Works (Fakes)


First in a series from an on-the-ground Western journalist reporting on the conflict in eastern Ukraine.

The Truth Speaker
Busting Ukraine Fakes (#1) – How Ukraine’s Media Works (Fakes)
Graham Phillips, British journalist with Russia Today

Alexrpt — The US House of Representatives openly calls for regime change in Moscow

As taken from the US House Resolution:
"Whereas the United States and its allies need a long-term strategy to expose and challenge Vladimir Putin’s corruption and repression at home and his aggression abroad;"
Let that sink in for a second. The United States Congress has put, in writing, their goal to formulate a “long term strategy” to challenge the democratically elected President of Russia, Vladimir Putin.
Like this is something new for the US? I'm surprised that anyone is surprised.

Marco Del Negro, Raiden Hasegawa, and Frank Schorfheide — Choosing the Right Policy in Real Time (Why That’s Not Easy)


Choosing the right model.
In the end, we have shown that policy analysis in the very oversimplified world of DSGE models is a pretty difficult business. Contrary to what it may sometimes appear from listening to talking heads, deciding which policy is best is very rarely a slam dunk.
FRBNY — Liberty Street Economics
Choosing the Right Policy in Real Time (Why That’s Not Easy)
Marco Del Negro, assistant vice president in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group, Raiden Hasegawa, Ph.D. student in statistics at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and Frank Schorfheide, professor of economics at the University of Pennsylvania

Ellen Brown will be on my podcast tomorrow!

I am excited to have Ellen Brown (Ellenbrown.com) on my podcast tomorrow. I am a big fan. Ellen has been outspoken about the rapacious financial sector and a big  proponent of public banking and banking/finance for the public purpose. Looking forward to speaking with her. Stay tuned for the podcast, which I will post here.

"Someone else could be Russia's president in 2018"--Putin

J.Hawk’s Comment: It does seem likely that Putin will go into retirement in the next few years—at any rate, it’s hard to imagine him as president at the age of 70. Besides, his place in history books is secure, and it’s unlikely that Russian government policies would change much after his departure. He is not the “tyrannical ruler” of Western propaganda but, quite simply, the chief executive of the Russian state. That’s what he was picked to do, and that’s what he did well.
The only question is of succession. It will almost certainly be a member of the “nobility of the sword”, or Russia’s national security apparatus. The business side of the government, the “nobility of the cloth”, has not performed as well, and its representatives (most notably—Medvedev) can’t hold a candle to the popularity of the “chekists.”
So, who’s Russia’s next president? My educated guess is that it will come down to a choice between Sergey Ivanov and Sergey Shoygu. They combine modesty, competence, and the ability to pursue the balanced internal and foreign policy that characterized Russia during Putin’s tenure as President and/or Prime Minister.

Fort Russ
"Someone else could be Russia's president in 2018"--Putin
Translated by J. Hawk

Paul Mason — To Move Beyond Boom and Bust, We Need a New Theory of Capitalism

Terry Jones’s documentary film Boom Bust Boom hits the cinemas this month. Using puppetry and talking heads (including mine), Jones is trying to popularise the work of Minsky, a US economist who died in 1996 but whose name has become for ever associated with the Lehman Brothers crash. Terrified analysts labelled it the “Minsky moment”. 
Minsky’s genius was to show that financially complex capitalism is inherently unstable. Under conditions of stability, firms, banks and households will, over time, move from a position where their income pays off their debt, to one where it can only meet the interest payments on it. Finally, as instability rises, and central banks respond by expanding the supply of money, people end up borrowing just to pay back interest. The price of shares, homes and commodities rockets. Bust becomes inevitable.

This logical and coherent prediction was laughed at until it came true. Mainstream economics had convinced itself that capitalism tends towards equilibrium; and that any shocks must be external. It did so by reducing economic thought to the construction of abstract models, which perfectly describe the system 95% of the time, but break down during critical events....
For me, the most fundamental question in economics still concerns the 2008 crisis. Was this event the last in a series of shocks needed to allow a third technological revolution to take off? Or was it evidence that capitalism’s tendency to adapt and reshape in response to technology has stalled, or is even finished? That is the shadow we have to jump over in economics. Amid a mania for “new economic thinking”, it is what we need to think hardest about.
The Guardian (UK)
To Move Beyond Boom and Bust, We Need a New Theory of Capitalism
Paul Mason | economics editor of Channel 4 News

Simon Wren-Lewis — Why do central banks use New Keynesian models?


Advanced macro for non-economists (no math). Simple explanation of how and why central banks use New Keynesian (DSGE) models and how they differ from RBC models.

Mainly Macro
Why do central banks use New Keynesian models?
Simon Wren-Lewis | Professor of Economics, Oxford University

Why is this significant. Because modern monetarism, based on central banks setting a policy rate, depends on some tool or tools for determining the correct rate to set. According to John Taylor, some rule is required. Therefore, a model in which a key methodological assumption is the real interest rate is needed, and since the policy rate is an adjustment for expected inflation, some tool for determining change in price level is also required.
In the simplest case, this involves setting a nominal rate that achieves, or moves towards, the level of real interest rates that is assumed to occur in the inner RBC model: the natural real rate. 
So even though New Keynesianism is called "Keynesian," it is a form of monetarism since it is chiefly concerned with interest rates and price level rather than effective demand and employment, which are functions of a full employment budget rather than than the a natural rate of interest and natural rate of employment.

In the view of fiscalism, monetary is the wrong approach for several reasons, for example, monetary policy that it is less effective as a policy tool than fiscal policy, and monetarism is ineffective because of it's assumptions. Rather, a policywise government must adjust fiscal policy to accommodate variable non-government saving desire in order to keep the production-distribution-consumption cycle virtuous instead of allowing it to turn vicious.

For example, this is at the heart of Robert Skidelsky's recent post a Project Syndicate on the divergence of economic thought and its effect on policy, to which a link was posted here at MNE yesterday.

There are basically two approaches, monetarist and fiscalist, and two major schools in each. Monetarism is divided into the New Classical and New Keynesian schools, and fiscalism into the Old Keynesian and Post Keynesian schools.

So it's important to understand the basic issues from a policy standpoint to engage in political debate intelligently. Fortunately, it is not necessary to understand the advanced macro background in econometrics since economists have framed the basic issues quite simply.

See

NBER Working Paper Series
Keynesian, New Keynesian, And New Classical Economics
Bruce Grenwald Joseph E. Stiglitz

Also
This paper examines in how far the DSGE model which is often dubbed the New Keynesian Consensus is compatible with a Post- Keynesian or traditional Keynesian understanding of the economy. It is argued that while at first sight DSGE models seem to include a lot of traditional Keynesian or even Post-Keynesian elements such as endogeneous money or the need for an active central bank, the mechanisms at work are completely incompatible with a traditional or Post-Keynesian understanding of the working of the macroeconomy.

IMK
The New Consensus from a Traditional Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Perspective: A worthwhile foundation for research or just a waste of time?
Sebastian Dullien

Robert Waldmann — Diabetes Diagnoses Surge in States Which Expanded Medicaid


Another life-saving and cost-reducing no-brainer. Cutting medical costs and related costs, which are much higher than medical cost to society, involves increasing availability and use of medical care not limiting it or using less. Early care and preventive care costs far less than later and more complicated care. 

In addition, there are three aspects of health care — treatment, prevention, and perfection — in declining order of expense. An ideal society aims at achieving perfect health for its members first and foremost, and then focusing on prevention, and finally treatment as a last resort.

Angry Bear
Diabetes Diagnoses Surge in States Which Expanded Medicaid
Robert Waldmann | Professor of Economics, University of Rome

Tuesday, March 24, 2015

The Deeper Meaning Of Entrepreneurism ... Aggregate-Entrepreurism

(Commentary posted by Roger Erickson)






If a collection of cells (you) can act entrepreneurially, why can't a collection of 330 million citizens act as a team? They can? How? How often WILL they? And why not all of the time, or at least more often than we have been cooperating recently?

How do we get our nation to explore it's aggregate options?

First, recruit an electorate to recognize and explore their BIGGEST options? Please tell me, if you know where to start, and how to do that. Clearly, there are many options. How do we most productively explore those aggregate options?

Now THAT is an interesting topic!

How can a RAIDLY EXPANDING auto-catalytic aggregate continuously reform both its internal-feedback sensing AND external-scouting strategies to constantly re-extract adaptive, aggregate context modeling from its (exponentially expanding? factorially expanding?) "option space?" (More plainly, simply explore its rapidly expanding options.)

Why, that would make us an Entrepreneurial Aggregate! That would be a whole far greater than just the sum of our individual entrepreneurs, "entrepreneurially" sequestering resources back and forth FROM one another! :(

This is truly the "Evolving Aggregate's Task." In fact, it's quite obviously every aggregate's #1 task, by far.

Making aggregate option explorations a snap? Now that would be exciting. Much more so than just trivial tactical tasks.

That's obviously what happens when agile teams explore contexts. It's the most important task facing national aggregates, and probably the most neglected. That's what Context Nomads do, and we are all Context Nomads, all the time, whether we know it or not.

The deeper meaning of entrepreneurism is to occasionally turn away from frictions and sequestering existing resources FROM one another, to the rarely practiced activity of exploring aggregate options for creating not just more resources ... but actually creating a pool of resources another order of magnitude larger than what we could previously access. Total teamwork? What a mundane, but ignored, concept! :(

The simple truth is that we as an aggregate are always capable of creating more wealth than any of us can currently imagine. Yet instead, for spurious reasons, we spend most of our time hoarding what we've already got ... FROM one another, instead of optimally provisioning our most valuable asset, our aggregate teammates! That is embarrassingly dumb, and the opposite of being entrepreneurs.

How much of available aggregate information do we need, in order to perceive emerging, aggregate context? Not as much as we initially imagine. It's clearly a matter of data-sampling methods and context-modeling methods and option-exploration methods. Surely that's not to hard to practice, aka, between wars, not just during world wars?

A method to simplify pictures makes chemistry calculations a snap

We actually have mathematicians patenting algorithms for extracting data images from complex data sets.

Why patent? Exactly so we can constrain the adoption rate of the application of the advanced method just invented, for narrow vs aggregate gain. And thereby slow our aggregate adaptive rate? Do tell! When is too much of one method (patent protection) too much to bother with as an aggregate? When it's time to adjust, can we DISCERN when to make aggregate adjustments fast enough to keep from harming our aggregate selves? Do we have ways to even sense that, soon enough to matter? Or only long after the damage has been done?

And why slow the population penetration of new inventions at all? Do we really know what we are doing? Is too soon ever too soon?

Since those two tolerance limits change, how do we stay safely between them, and pursue that moving target?

Our application of our emerging knowledge parsing methodology is too timid.

Our emerging methods are too useful to be limited ONLY to compartively trivial applications such as medical imaging or molecular modeling.

What about modeling our own cultural context, and our our aggregate adaptive rate?





Really? What if we tried being an effective NATION? What would motivate us to try that? I mean, something other than another war?

No one person can supply adequate answers, but we can start asking more challenging questions of one another.


Russia Direct — Why Cold War-style military exercises of Russia and NATO are heating up


Relax. Training and checking preparedness after a period of reduced tension now that tension is rising. 

Don't read too much into it — yet. But it is putting focus back on the military and is certain to result in increased military expenditure and likely the introduction of more advanced systems.

How The US Government and US military Became Murder, Inc. — Paul Craig Roberts reviews Andrew Cockburn's "Kill Chain"

Andrew Cockburn has written a must-read book. The title is Kill Chain: The Rise Of The High-Tech Assassins. The title could just as well be: How the US Government and US Military Became Murder, Inc.
How The US Government and US military Became Murder, Inc
Paul Craig Roberts reviews Andrew Cockburn' Kill Chain

Pema Levy — Meet Ted Cruz's Karl Rove: "He Leaves a Path of Destruction"


As you probably noticed, the 2016 presidential race "officially" began on Monday with the announcement of Ted Cruz. Is Jeff Roe the new Lee Atwater and Karl Rove? 
As Cruz's 2016 rivals will soon find out, Jeff Roe is infamous for his "ruthless" tactics.
Looks like US politics is headed further into the gutter.

What is interesting, though, is that there are two candidates with Latin ties. Cruz's father is Cuban, and Jeb Bush's wife is Mexican. It will be interesting to see how the GOP base handles that given the level of bias if not bigotry that has been exhibited.

Mother Jones
Meet Ted Cruz's Karl Rove: "He Leaves a Path of Destruction"
Pema Levy

William Hogeland — Ted Cruz and Patrick Henry


Ted Cruz misrepresents Patrick Henry. For US history buffs and those interested in American History and contemporary US politics.

Hysteriography
Ted Cruz and Patrick Henry
William Hogeland

Robert Skidelsky — Messed-Up Macro


Economics is a science? Really?

Model, model, who's got the (right) model?

Project Syndicate
Messed-Up Macro
Robert Skidelsky, Professor Emeritus of Political Economy at Warwick University and a fellow of the British Academy in history and economics, is a member of the British House of Lords
ht Brad DeLong

Fort Russ — Russian Duma may reauthorize Putin to send the Russian Army into Ukraine


Upping the ante.

Fort Russ
Russian Duma may reauthorize Putin to send the Russian Army into Ukraine

Pepe Escobar — The New Chinese Dream


The New Silk Road(s). Get ready for it.

Counterpunch
The New Chinese Dream
Pepe Escobar

Red Star over Donbass — Antifascist resolution of European communist youth organizations


Editor: The resolution below was formulated and signed at the XI Meeting of Communist Youth Organizations of Europe in Frankfurt on March 7-8, 2015. This meeting was attended by our delegate, Revolutionary Communist Youth League Central Committee member Mikhail Belyaev.
Red Star over Donbass
Antifascist resolution of European communist youth organizations

The resolution is endorsed by:
  • Communist Youth of Austria (KJÖ)
  • COMAC, Belgium
  • Communist Youth of Catalonia (JCC)
  • United Democratic Youth Union of Cyprus (EDON)
  • Movement of Young Communists of France (MJCF)
  • Socialist German Workers' Youth (SDAJ)
  • Communist Youth of Greece (KNE)
  • Communist Youth Front of Italy (FGC)
  • Portuguese Communist Youth (JCP)
  • Revolutionary Communist Youth League - RKSM (b)
  • Union of Young Communists of Spain (UJCE)
  • Collectives of Young Communists (CJC) , Spain
  • Communist Youth of Turkey (KG)
There was a lot of huffing and puffing over the recent meeting of rightist groups, including some with fascist and neo-Nazi leanings, in St. Petersberg, for which Russia and Putin were  denounced for permitting. Now I guess the onus is on Germany for hosting, gasp, Revolutionary Communist youth groups.

Diane Coyle — Economics and humankind

“Political economy, or economics, is a study of man’s actions in the ordinary business of life; it inquires how he gets his income and how he uses it. It follows the actions of individuals and of nations as they seek, by separate or collective endeavour, to increase the material means of their well-being and to turn their resources to the best account. Thus it is on the one side a study of wealth, and on the other and more important side, a part of the study of man.” — Alfred Marshall, Economics of Industry
Here is the complete reference: Elements of economics of industry, being the first volume of Elements of economics, p. 1.

The Enlightened Economist
Diane Coyle | freelance economist and a former advisor to the UK Treasury. She is a member of the UK Competition Commission and is acting Chairman of the BBC Trust, the governing body of the British Broadcasting Corporation

Another good Marshall quote:
Balliol Croft, Cambridge 27. ii. 06 My dear Bowley,

I have not been able to lay my hands on any notes as to Mathematico-economics that would be of any use to you: and I have very indistinct memories of what I used to think on the subject. I never read mathematics now: in fact I have forgotten even how to integrate a good many things.

But I know I had a growing feeling in the later years of my work at the subject that a good mathematical theorem dealing with economic hypotheses was very unlikely to be good economics: and I went more and more on the rules — (1) Use mathematics as a short-hand language, rather than as an engine of inquiry. (2) Keep to them till you have done. (3) Translate into English. (4) Then illustrate by examples that are important in real life. (5) Burn the mathematics. (6) If you can’t succeed in 4, burn 3. This last I did often.

I believe in Newton’s Principia Methods, because they carry so much of the ordinary mind with them. Mathematics used in a Fellowship thesis by a man who is not a mathematician by nature — and I have come across a good deal of that — seems to me an unmixed evil. And I think you should do all you can to prevent people from using Mathematics in cases in which the English language is as short as the Mathematical …

Your emptyhandedly,

Alfred Marshall

Still time to sign up for my "Understanding the Daily Treasury Statement course

This Saturday, I will be giving another course on "Understanding the Daily Treasury Statement." There is still time to sign up. The course runs from 10am ET to 4pm ET, March 28. It will be recorded.

I will cover the entire Daily Treasury Statement and show you how to dissect it and use it as a powerful resource for your investing, trading and economic forecasting activities.

The information contained in the Treasury's "checkbook" puts you light years ahead of other investors and economists who rely on the usual, rearward-looking, monthly data releases.

Two students who took my course last month, scored big in the Forex market just days later, thanks to information they gleaned from the DTS.

The course fee is $225.

Please click the button below to enroll.

Understanding the Daily Treasury Statement course

Alexrpt — As EU member Greece begs for a 2 billion euro lifeline, EU non-member, Ukraine, easily gets 1.8 billion euros from EU to fund its war


What kind of a message are the eurocrats sending?
When it comes to war, the EU is ready to pony up the cash…even if the country in question is not even a member of the EU.
While Greece struggles and begs for the 2 billion euros to stay afloat, Ukraine is getting a cool 1.8 billion euros, of which we are supremely confident will be either stolen by the most corrupt regime on earth, or funnelled into the war effort against their very own population.
Red Pill Times
As EU member Greece begs for a 2 billion euro lifeline, EU non-member, Ukraine, easily gets 1.8 billion euros from EU to fund its war
Alexrpt